Lub computer board ("board") tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm lub PC muaj kev lag luam lossis ncaj qha rau ntau yam khoom siv. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov muaj ntau tshaj plaws thiab kev ntseeg tau. Txawm tias me me yuam kev thiab tsis ua hauj lwm tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj thiab kim heev. Cov motherboards muaj kev ua haujlwm siab heev, yog li ntawd, cov qauv kev ua tau zoo yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tau txais lub neej ntev thiab kev txhawb nqa mus ntev yog xav tau los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem xaiv, embedded kev daws teeb meem, kev cia siab lifespan, thiab upgradable kev ua tau zoo ntawm txawv motherboards yuav tsum muab piv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov kev sib tw tshwj xeeb "embedded" los ntawm kev hnyav thiab hloov tas li nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kev lag luam. Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm cov qauv tsim thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, nrog rau kev siv cov khoom zoo.
CPU (processor thiab chipset) kev ua tau zoo
CPU yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub computer. Thaum xaiv ib qho kev daws teeb meem, kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau muab rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj peev xwm ua tau. Yog tias koj xav kom lub kaw lus ua haujlwm nkag mus rau theem pib, koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, tab sis cov ntawv thov kev lag luam feem ntau xav tau cov haujlwm nyuaj kom ua tiav. Muaj peb yam uas cuam tshuam rau CPU kev ua tau zoo: moos zaus, CPI, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus qhia. Kev txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus qhia tuaj yeem ua rau CPU ntau dua, siv cov ntawv sau npe tsawg dua, thiab cov cai tswj hwm nruj dua. Piv txwv li, RISC-V. Kev txo qis ntawm cov lus qhia qis yuav ua rau muaj qhov nce ntawm cov lej uas yuav tsum tau sau rau cov txheej txheem qib siab xws li kev khiav hauj lwm thiab cov kev sib dhos. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias ntau zaus ntawm ntau cov lus qhia siv thiab cov xov tooj sib txawv tau nkag mus rau hauv ib lub voj voog, tsim lub CPU yuav tsum xav txog kev ua kom zoo tshaj qhov ua tiav ntawm cov lus qhia, ua kom zoo dua cov lus qhia ntau zaus, thiab faib cov peev txheej ntxiv. Piv txwv li, X86.
Tag nrho cov khoom yuav thaum kawg muaj kev ua neej nyob, tab sis qhov no yuav tsum yog cov txheej txheem npaj thiab ua kom zoo uas tso cai rau kev hloov kho thiab hloov pauv. Kev xaiv ntawm cov processors thiab lawv cov chipsets txhawb tsis yog raws li kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. I / O thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm kev nco yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab.
Motherboard, I / O kev ua tau zoo
Rau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam, I / O yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog suav nrog USB, cov khoom siv cia, thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas. Ntau daim ntawv thov siv cov txheej txheem sib txuas lossis cov ntawv nthuav dav I / O, uas xav tau PCI lossis PCIe txuas rau kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Xaiv ib qho system nrog cov qhov tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Feem ntau, daim npav qub I/O tsuas yog muab PCI interfaces, uas yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau qhov system tshiab.
Lub PCI / PCIe bandwidth yog tswj los ntawm cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm tus lej txhawb nqa los ntawm processor thiab chipset. Tam sim no qhov siab tshaj bandwidth yog muab los ntawm PCIe 3.0 specifications. Lub bandwidth kuj txwv los ntawm qhov dav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txoj kev. Qhov siab tshaj PCIe cov ntaub ntawv ntim yog 16 raws, thaum qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yog 1 channel. Feem ntau siv yog X1, X4, X8, thiab X16. Tus naj npawb ntawm PCIe expansion slots nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj muab los ntawm PCH thiab processor.